Both in a literature as well as in management practices, many new ideas have emerged as approaches to organizing. On the basis of the given statement, explain the organizing functions of management and also discuss the emerging concepts in organizing.

IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIZING FUNCTION

Organizing function is one of the most important basic management functions. It establishes responsibility and authority relationships in the organization to ensure the effective accomplishment of organizational goals. Correctly established organizing function in the organization encourages expansion, promotion, and diversification of business. The following points justify the importance of organizing functions.

1. Facilitates specialization:

 Organizing divides complex work into simple pieces of activities and groups them into a job of homogeneous activities. This helps accomplish each job with similar skills and experience with minimum effort and greater efficiency. This facilitates employees to accomplish the job with acquired knowledge, skills, and experience. This helps to minimize the waste of time, effort, and resources. Organizing thus increases the productivity and profitability of the organization.

2. Defines responsibility-authority relationship: 

Organizing establishes a clear relationship between responsibility and authority. This means, that organizing fixes the responsibility to different level employees and allocates the decision-making power to the respective position. Through this, organizing protects the organization from violation of authority and also increases the feelings of self-responsibility. This helps minimize misunderstandings among employees and increases mutual cooperation.

3. Establishes the channel of communication:

Organizing allocates job responsibilities into various levels and coordinates into positions. Job positions are logically connected from top level to lower level which serves as a chain of command. Each message created at different levels of management can be transmitted to desired person or level through this chain without any interruption. This channel also facilitates coordination and cooperation in the organization.

4. Avoids duplication and overlapping: 

Organizing divides jobs into units, sections and departments because of which managers clearly understand what should be done with whom and at what level. Thus, all the required jobs can be accomplished without overlapping and duplication. Organizing in this way helps furnish required jobs at right time by the right person at the desired level of output. 

5. Serves coordination and cooperation: 

Organizing divides job responsibilities clearly and assigns the right person. There will be no problem of overlapping and duplication of jobs. The Channel of job position maintains good communication among the personnel. Employees feel comfortable working with sharing skills, ideas, knowledge, and courage.

6. Serves as employee motivation: 

The perfect organizing function allocates the jobs to the right person on the basis of their knowledge, skills, experience, and interest. Organizing creates specialization at a job which reduces unnecessary efforts at the job. Better coordination, cooperation, and communication established by organizing functions increase employee job satisfaction. This motivates employees for long tenure and improved performance.

7. Serves organizational growth and diversification: 

As mentioned earlier, organizing helps establish cooperation and coordination among the employees. This reduces duplication and overlapping of job responsibilities as a result efforts and resources can be properly utilized for increasing productivity. Organizing increases the job satisfaction of employees and motivates to increase organizational output. All these factors help for organizational growth and diversification.

EMERGING CONCEPTS IN ORGANIZING

Many new ideas have been emerging as new approaches to organizing. Organizations need to adjust to the changing environment and present competitors. Many new principles and concepts are emerging to manage the organization. Some of them are discussed below:

1. Work Team Concept: 

The team concept is taken as important means of organizing work activities. It breaks down the departmental barriers and decentralized the decision-making authority to the level of work teams. Teams are formed at operating levels to improve productivity and enhance the performance of employees. Autonomous teams are effective to reduce stress and promote an environment of innovation and creativity. Problem-solving teams, self-managed teams, cross-functional teams, quality circles, virtual teams, etc. are the types of teams currently in use as the organizational structure.

2 Boundaryless Concept: 

A Boundaryless organization is an organization, in which there is no barrier to information flow and business activities. In such an organization structure, ideas, information, and actions are free to move to any place where it is most needed. Managers seek to eliminate the chain of command and have a limited span of control. Globalization, online business activities, and new technology systems for payments contribute to fostering the boundaryless organization system. 

3. Virtual or Network Organization Structure: 

If the management of an organization receives different services from outside to perform the organizational functions, it creates a virtual organization system. In this situation, the organization is free to select any contractor to make any part of a particular product in different places. It is also known as outsourcing. In such organizations, authority is highly centralized and may not have departments. These organizations create a network of relationships that allows them to contract out subsidiary functions. But, they should focus on care functions, strategic issues, and coordination.

4. Learning Organization Concept: 

These days, it is assumed that organization needs to be developed in such a manner that there is a favorable condition for continuous learning, capabilities development, and change management. It is an outgrowth of a knowledge-based society. Everybody agrees to share ideas and knowledge to achieve a goal. It promotes creativity, allows personal flexibility, and builds risk-bearing capacity. There is an open environment to learn and share the ideas organizations are taken as learning institutes. Under this organization, each person involved in the organization is expected to share their knowledge, skills, and ideas. There is no boundary for knowledge creation. An organizational system, working procedure, and learning system remain dynamic.

5. Organizational Downsizing Concept:

It is a planned reduction of functions, hierarchical levels,s and units of an organization. It is the process of making an organization smaller by eliminating the existing departments, units, and functions. It is also a method of organizational re-structuring which helps decrease the size of the organization. In this process, management can reduce the size of the workforce or eliminate certain units or consolidate some units to reduce cost and increase efficiency. They can also use retirement schemes, firing the employees, transfer and job sharing, etc. for down-sizing the organization. Being the business environment more volatile, consumers' interest being more changeable, rapid development in technology, etc. force to downsize the organization.

6. Process Re-engineering Concept: 

It is the concept in which business processes are redesigned to achieve improvements in critical areas such as cost, quality, service, and speed. This concept reconsiders the working processes and boosts efficiency by replacing non-performing processes. It tries to maximize the value-added contents and minimize those units that do not add value. Process re-engineering focuses on the large-scale and drastic changes in existing structure. Normally, under process reengineering, new and advanced processes, techniques, and way of doing things are introduced in order to replace traditional, labor-intensive, and costly methods so that the work efficiency and effectiveness can be increased.

There is no best way of organizing and generally, organizations are of mixed structure in nature. Departmentation and organizational structure are never being permanent. Massive (High level) departmentation increases the specialization benefits. But in a situation, it may be more difficult to coordinate the activities. Therefore, managers should select such an organizational structure that is economic, easy to co-ordinate, makes high efficiency, clear in nature, and simple gives clear direction, build-up understanding, and facilitates decision making effectively.