What are the different categories of software development projects according to COCOMO estimation model?

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The different categories of software development projects according to the COCOMO estimation model are:


1. Organic: A development project can be treated as the organic type if the project deals with developing a well-understood application program the size of the development team is reasonably small,& the team members are experienced in developing methods of project similar methods  of the project.
E.g. simple business systems, simple înventory - management systems, data processing systems

2. Moderate: A development project can be treated with a moderate type if the development consists of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff. Team members have finite experience in related systems but may be unfamiliar with some aspects of the order being developed. E.g.  Semi-detached system includes developing a new operating system, a DBMS, a Complex Inventory Management System

3. Embedded: A development project is treated to be of an embedded type, if the software being developed is strongly coupled to complex hardware or if stringent regulations on the operational method exist. E.g. ATM, Air Traffic Control.

                                   OR,


Boehm’s definition of organic, semidetached, and embedded systems:

Organic –
  • A software project is said to be an organic type if the team size required is adequately small, the problem is well understood and has been solved in the past and also the team members have a nominal experience regarding the problem.
  •  It belongs to small & simple software projects which are handled by a small team with good domain knowledge and few rigid requirements. 
  • Example: Small data processing or Inventory management system.


Semi-detached – 
  • A software project is said to be a Semi-detached type if the vital characteristics such as team size, experience, knowledge of the various programming environment lie in between that of organic and Embedded. 
  • The projects classified as Semi-Detached are comparatively less familiar and difficult to develop compared to the organic ones and require more experience and better guidance and creativity. 
  • It is an intermediate (in terms of size and complexity) project, where the team having mixed experience (both experienced & inexperienced resources) to deals with rigid/nonrigid requirements. 
  •  Eg: Database design or OS development., Compilers, or different Embedded Systems can be considered of Semi-Detached type.

Embedded –
  • A software project requiring the highest level of complexity, creativity, and experience requirement fall under this category. Such software requires a larger team size than the other two models and also the developers need to be sufficiently experienced and creative to develop such complex models.
  • This project has a high level of complexity with a large team size by considering all sets of parameters (software, hardware, and operational). 
  • Example: Banking software or Traffic light control software.
        
                                        OR.                         

According to Boehm (1981), any software development project can be classified into one of the following three categories based on the development complexity: organic, semidetached, and embedded.


Organic: A development project can be considered of organic type, if the project deals with developing a well-understood application program, the size of the development team is reasonably small, and the team members are experienced in developing similar types of projects.Example: Small data processing or Inventory management system.


Semi-detached: A development project can be considered of semidetached type if the development consists of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff. Team members may have limited experience with related systems but may be unfamiliar with some aspects of the system being developed. Example: Database design or OS development.


Embedded: A development project is considered to be of the embedded type, if the software being developed is strongly coupled to complex hardware, or if stringent regulations on the operational procedures exist. Example: Banking software or Traffic light control software.



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