Notes for BSc CSIT

 Google Cloud Implementation The Google cloud application programming interface (API) for MS Office may be used to allow many users to edit a document at the same time. After installing a plugin for the Microsoft Office software suite, you may begin saving files to the cloud. The cloud copy of the data, which becomes the master document, may then be ed and edited by everyone. Each file is given a unique URL by the Google Cloud Platform. However, before downloading and altering the file in MS Office, the owner or creator of the document must designate one as an editor. If anyone makes changes to the document, the changes will be reflected in all of the documents that have been shared. When multiple people make changes to the same piece of content, Google Gud Platform allows the document owner or creator to choose which changes to keep. When a file is uploaded to Google Cloud, metadata is added to it. It aids in the identification of the file and the tracking of changes across all copies

 Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Google Cloud Platform (GCP) is a set of cloud computing services supplied by Google that operates on the same infrastructure that Google uses internally for its end-user products such as Google Search, Gmail, file storage, and YouTube. Google's cloud platform offers its consumers dependable and highly scalable cloud computing services. These services assist customers in computing and storing data, as well as developers in developing, testing, and deploying applications. The Google cloud platform includes application storage, and cloud computing capabilities for backend, mobile, and online applications that use the internet. Over four million apps rely on and use the platform. Google makes effort to keep the backend as basic as possible, employing a minimal file system. The Google cloud platform is built on this architecture. It responds to information requests using simple commands such as write, read, and open. It is a computing system that is distribu

 Compute services help developers build, deploy, and scale an application in the cloud platform.  1. AWS EC2: It is a web service that allows developers to rent virtual machines and automatically scales the compute capacity when required. AWS EC2 offers various instance types to developers so that they can choose required resources such as CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity based on their application requirements. 2. Amazon Elastic BeanstalkHelps to scale and deploy web applications made with several programming languages like java, python, ruby, and .NET. EBS handles the deployment of the as soon as it is uploaded. 3. Amazon Lightsail: This enables a virtual private server (VPS) to be launched and managed with ease. It includes everything required by developers who want to start their projects quickly on a virtual machine. 4. AWS Lambda: It is a serverless computing service that is also responsible for executing code for applications. AWS Lambda helps you execute a program

 Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services (AWS) is an Amazon company that offers on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to people, businesses, and governments on a pay-as-you-go basis. AWS is a comprehensive, ever-evolving cloud computing platform offered by Amazon that comprises infrastructure as a service (laaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and packaged software as a service (SaaS) products. AWS services may provide a company with tools like computation power, database storage, and content delivery services. These cloud computing web services offer a wide range of fundamental abstract technological infrastructure and distributed computing building blocks and tools. One of these services is Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), which provides customers with a virtual cluster of computers that is always available through the Internet. AWS's version of virtual computers emulates most of the characteristics of a real computer, including hardware central processing units (CPUs) a

 Web Services and APIs Web services and APIs can be frequently mistaken for one another. Most online services include an API, which is used to get data using a set of commands and functions. Web services and APIs are accessed through HTTP/HTTPS to enable communication between service providers and customers and they both call a function, process data, and receive a response. API is a lightweight architecture that is suitable for devices with low bandwidth such as smartphones and as SOAP is required to send and receive network data, web services are not lightweight. APIs can use any form of communication, but a Web service only uses SOAP, REST, and XML-RPC. APIs support URL, request/response headers, caching, and versioning content formats however web services only support HTTP. One important thing to consider is that all web services may be APIs, but not all APIs can be web services. For instance, Twitter provides an API that allows developers to read tweets from a server and gather da

The differences between SOAP and REST are:-  RESTful web services and SOAP both have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. A REST web service, for example, is often a superior choice when time is of the essence, while SOAP triumphs in designing the services with various,non-CRUD methods. Unless otherwise specified by the Web Services provider, the type of web service implemented by a partner is determined by the company's requirements. Amazon and eBay both employ web services for REST and SOAP. And, as more firms become service focused and experiment with new features, they will be forced to accommodate both types. SOAP It stands for Simple Object Access Protocol. It is an XML-based messaging protocol. It needs more bandwidth and resources for better web performance. SOAP enforces XML as a message format. It has not great performance as compared to REST. SOAP defines its security. It does not support error handling.  SOAP is a heavyweight XML protocol that requires more co

Different types of Web Services are:-  1. XML-RPC (Remote Procedure Call)  2. UDDI 3. SOAP 4. WSDL 5. REST  1. XML-RPC (Remote Procedure Call)  XML-RPC (Remote Procedure Call) is the most fundamental XML protocol for exchanging data across a wide range of network devices, which allows applications to invoke functions or procedures across a network. XML-RPC performs RPCs using XML messages. In the XML request, the XML-RPC client gives a Procedure name and arguments, and the server delivers either a fault or a response in the XML response. The body of the HTTP response contains the network. This platform-independent web service uses HTTP to transmit data and communicate other information from the client to the server in a timely and efficient manner. The body of the HTTP response contains XML replies. XML-RPC enables the communication between many programs so that a Java client application can communicate with a Perl server application. 2. UDDI UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery, and

 Benefits of Web Service By reducing development time, the technology assists IT professionals and web architects in streamlining connections. With this simpler infrastructure, corporate leaders are beginning to realize greater  Web services provide Interoperability - applications developed in one programming language can communicate with the application developed in other programming languages.  Web services allow effective technology distribution over a complete network in a B2B business where both parties understand how the process works. Web Services interact via regular Internet technology.  XML is used in the data representation and data transportation levels of Web Services. So it provides minimal effort communication.

 Web Services Web service refers to the software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine or web interaction over the computer network and World Wide Web. A server running on the network listens for requests at a certain port and serves web content such as HTML, JSON, XML, etc. Web services are self-contained, modular, distributed, dynamic programs that may be specified, published, located, or invoked through a network to produce products and services. These apps might be local, distributed, or based. Web services are client and server applications that interact using the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over the World Wide Web (WWW). Web Service is "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services, as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), provide a common mechanism for interoperating across software applications running on various platforms and frameworks. Web services are distingu

a)Google File System (GFS)   The Google File System is a scalable distributed file system designed for big data-intensive distributed Applications. It offers fault tolerance while running on low-cost commodity hardware and gives great distributed file systems, its design has been influenced by observations of application workloads and the aggregate performance of a large number of customers. While GFS has many of the same aims as past technical environments, both current and prospective, which represent a significant divergence from Certain preceding file system assumptions. As a result, established options have been reexamined, and Grammatically alternative design points have been explored. Google File System (GFS) is a scalable distributed file system (DFS) designed by Google Inc. to meet Google's growing data processing needs. GFS supports huge networks and linked nodes with fault tolerance, dependability, scalability, availability, and performance. GFS is comprised of storage s

  The Relational Database of the Future: The Self-Driving Database Relational databases have grown better, quicker, stronger, and easier to deal with throughout time. They have, however, become more complicated, and maintaining the database has long been a full-time job. Instead of focusing on designing creative applications that provide value to the company, developers have had to spend the majority of their time on the administrative activities required to improve database performance. Today, autonomous technology is leveraging the relational model's capabilities to create a new form of a relational database. The self-driving database (also known as the autonomous database) retains the power and benefits of the relational model while employing artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and automation to monitor and enhance query performance and administration duties. To increase query speed, for example, the self-driving database may hypothesize and test indexes to make quer

PARALLEL COMPUTING Parallel computing is a sort of computer architecture in which many processors simultaneously execute or process an application or calculation. Parallel computing aids in the performance of big calculations by splitting the workload across several processors, all of which work on the computation at the same time. The majority of supercomputers run using parallel computing methods. Parallel processing is another name for parallel computing. Parallel processing is typically used in operating environments/scenarios that need large computing or processing capability. Parallel computing's primary goal is to enhance available computing power for quicker application processing or job resolution. Parallel computing infrastructure is often hosted in a single facility where multiple processors are deployed in a server rack or independent servers are linked together. The application server provides a calculation or processing request that is broken down into little pieces o

  MULTI-TENANT CLOUD A multi-tenant cloud is a cloud computing architecture that enables clients to share computer resources in either the public or private cloud.  Each tenant's data is segregated and hidden from other residents. Users in a multi-tenant cloud system have their area to store their projects and data. Each segment of a multi Tenant cloud network comprises sophisticated permissions to provide each user access to just their stored formation while also protecting them from other cloud tenants. Each tenant's data is unavailable to all her tenants inside the cloud architecture and may only be accessed with the cloud provider's rights. Customers, or tenants, in a private cloud, might be various individuals or groups inside a single firm, but on a public cloud, completely separate enterprises can securely share their server space. The multi-tenancy approach is used by the majority of public cloud providers. It enables them to run servers with single lances, which sa

  AMAZON SIMPLEDB Amazon SimpleDB is a highly available NoSQL data storage that relieves database administrators of their duties. Developers just use web service requests to save and access data objects, and Amazon SimpleDB handles the rest. Amazon SimpleDB, unlike relational databases, is designed to provide high availability and flexibility with minimal or no administration overhead. Amazon SimpleDB automatically builds and manages numerous globally dispersed duplicates of your data behind the scenes to provide high availability and data durability. The service only costs you for the resources used in storing your data and delivering your requests. You may alter your data model on the fly, and data is indexed for you automatically. You can concentrate on application development without having to worry about infrastructure provisioning, high availability, software maintenance, schema, and index management, and performance optimization using Amazon SimpleDB.  This SimpleDB service prov

  STORAGE MECHANISM IN HBASE HBase is a column-oriented database, with tables ordered by row. Only column families, which are key-value pairs, are defined in the table structure. A table contains many columns families, each of which can include any number of columns. Subsequent column values are saved on the disk in a logical order. A timestamp is associated with each cell value in the table. In a nutshell, in an HBase: The table is a collection of rows. The row is a collection of column families. A Column family is a collection of columns.  The column is a collection of key-value pairs. An example schema of a table in HBase is provided below. Difference between HBase and RDBMS. HBase HBase is schema-less, it does not have the concept of fixed columns schema; defines only column families. It is built for wide tables. HBase is horizontally scalable. No transactions are there in HBase. It has de-normalized data. It is good for semi-structured as well as structured data. RDBMS An RDBMS is

  APACHE HBASE HBase is a column-oriented distributed database developed on top of the Hadoop file system. It is an open-source project that may be scaled horizontally. HBase is a data architecture comparable to Google's big table that is meant to allow fast random access to massive volumes of structured data. It makes use of the Hadoop File System's fault tolerance (HDFS). Apache HBase is a Hadoop -based distributed, scalable NoSqlb Big data storage.HBase is capable of hosting very large tables-billions of rows and millions of columns-and of providing real-time, random read/write access to Hadoop data. HBase is a multi-column data store inspired by Google Bigtable, a database interface to Google's proprietary File System. HBase adds Bigtable-like features to read/write access to Hadoop-compatible file systems like MapR XD. HBase scales linearly over very large datasets and allows for the easy combination of data sources with heterogeneous topologies and schemas.  HBase is

Hadoop File System(HDFS)  The Hadoop File System was created with a distributed file system design. It runs on standard hardware. In contrast to other distributed systems, HDFS is extremely faulted tolerant and built with low-cost hardware. HDFS stores a big quantity of data and makes it easy to access. To store such large amounts of da the files are spread over numerous computers. These files are kept in a redundant form to protect the system from data loss in the event of a breakdown. HDFS also enables parallel processing of applications. Hadoop applications use the Hadoop Distributed File Solution (HDFS) as their primary data storage system. It implements a distributed file system that allows high-performance access to data across highly scalable Hadoop clusters using a NameNode and DataNode architecture. HDFS is an important component of the numerous Hadoop ecosystem technologies since it provides a dependable way of maintaining massive data pools and supporting associated big data

  ACID and Relational Databases Four crucial properties define relational database transactions: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability-typically referred to as ACID.  Atomicity  defines all the elements that make up a complete database transaction or none. Consistency  defines the rules for maintaining data points in a correct state after a transaction. Isolation keeps the effect of a transaction invisible to others until it is committed, to avoid confusion.  Durability  ensures that data changes become permanent once the transaction is committed. A Relational Database Example Here is a simple example of two tables that a small firm may use to process product orders. The first table is a customer information table, which means that each entry contains a customer's name, address, shipping and payment information, phone number, and other contact information. Each piece of information (each attribute) is in its column, and each row is assigned a unique ID (a key) in the da

RELATIONAL DATABASES A relational database is a form of database that stores and allows access to data elements that are connected. Relational databases are based on the relational model, which is an easy-to-understand method of expressing data in tables. In a relational database, each row in the table is a record with a unique ID called the key. The columns of the table carry data attributes, and each record generally includes a value for each attribute, making it simple to construct links between data points. In a relational database, each table, also known as a relation, includes one or more data categories in columns, also known as attributes. Each row, also known as a record or tuple, includes a unique instance of data, or key, for the columns' stated categories. Each table has a unique primary key that identifies the data in the table. The relationship between tables may then be defined using foreign keys, which are fields in one table that are linked to the primary key of

 Serial Computing Traditionally, the software has been written for serial computation:  A problem is broken into a discrete series of instructions Instructions are executed sequentially one after another  Executed on a single processor  Only one instruction may execute at any moment in time