Multiple-Choice Questions on Operating Systems for TU IT Adhikrit

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Multiple-Choice Questions on Operating Systems for IT Officer Exams

Operating System and Its Functions

  1. What is a primary function of an operating system?
    a) To compile programs
    b) To manage hardware and software resources
    c) To design user interfaces
    d) To develop applications
    Answer: b) To manage hardware and software resources
    Explanation: An operating system acts as an intermediary between hardware and software, managing resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

  2. Which operating system function ensures efficient CPU utilization?
    a) File management
    b) Process scheduling
    c) Memory allocation
    d) Device driver management
    Answer: b) Process scheduling
    Explanation: Process scheduling allocates CPU time to processes, ensuring efficient multitasking and resource use.

Types of Operating Systems

  1. Which type of operating system is designed for time-critical applications like air traffic control?
    a) Batch OS
    b) Real-Time OS
    c) Distributed OS
    d) Multi-programmed OS
    Answer: b) Real-Time OS
    Explanation: Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) prioritize predictable and timely task execution, critical for applications like air traffic control.

  2. Which operating system allows multiple independent computers to work as a unified system?
    a) Time-sharing OS
    b) Distributed OS
    c) Embedded OS
    d) Batch OS
    Answer: b) Distributed OS
    Explanation: A distributed OS coordinates multiple computers to function as a single system, sharing resources transparently.

Basic Components of Operating Systems

  1. What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?
    a) Manages user interfaces
    b) Handles core system tasks like CPU and memory management
    c) Compiles application code
    d) Stores user data
    Answer: b) Handles core system tasks like CPU and memory management
    Explanation: The kernel is the core component, managing critical tasks like CPU scheduling, memory management, and I/O operations.

  2. Which component of an OS provides a user interface?
    a) Kernel
    b) Shell
    c) File system
    d) Device driver
    Answer: b) Shell
    Explanation: The shell (e.g., command-line or GUI) provides an interface for users to interact with the OS.

Process and Threads, Process Management, Inter-Process Communication, Mutual Exclusion, and Synchronization

  1. What is the difference between a process and a thread?
    a) A process is lightweight; a thread is heavyweight
    b) A process is an independent program; a thread is a subunit within a process
    c) A thread runs multiple programs; a process runs a single program
    d) A process cannot share memory; a thread can
    Answer: b) A process is an independent program; a thread is a subunit within a process
    Explanation: A process is an executing program with its own memory, while a thread shares the process’s memory and resources.

  2. Which mechanism ensures mutual exclusion in process synchronization?
    a) Message passing
    b) Semaphores
    c) Context switching
    d) Paging
    Answer: b) Semaphores
    Explanation: Semaphores are used to enforce mutual exclusion, preventing multiple processes from accessing shared resources simultaneously.

  3. What is the purpose of Inter-Process Communication (IPC)?
    a) To allocate CPU time
    b) To allow processes to exchange data
    c) To manage file systems
    d) To encrypt data
    Answer: b) To allow processes to exchange data
    Explanation: IPC enables processes to communicate and share data, using methods like shared memory or message passing.

Process Scheduling

  1. Which scheduling algorithm assigns CPU time based on the order of arrival?
    a) Round Robin
    b) Shortest Job First
    c) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
    d) Priority Scheduling
    Answer: c) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
    Explanation: FCFS schedules processes in the order they arrive, simple but potentially inefficient for short tasks.

  2. What is a disadvantage of the Round Robin scheduling algorithm?
    a) It causes process starvation
    b) It has high context-switching overhead
    c) It prioritizes long processes
    d) It cannot handle interrupts
    Answer: b) It has high context-switching overhead
    Explanation: Round Robin’s time quantum leads to frequent context switches, which can reduce efficiency if the quantum is too small.

Memory Management Techniques

  1. Which memory management technique divides memory into fixed-size partitions?
    a) Paging
    b) Segmentation
    c) Fixed Partitioning
    d) Virtual Memory
    Answer: c) Fixed Partitioning
    Explanation: Fixed partitioning divides memory into static partitions at system startup, allocating one process per partition.

  2. What is the purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
    a) To increase physical memory size
    b) To provide an illusion of larger memory using disk storage
    c) To encrypt memory data
    d) To reduce CPU usage
    Answer: b) To provide an illusion of larger memory using disk storage
    Explanation: Virtual memory uses disk space to extend RAM, allowing programs to run as if more memory is available.

File System Management

  1. What does the NTFS file system provide compared to FAT32?
    a) Faster formatting
    b) Support for larger files and security features
    c) Lower storage capacity
    d) Simpler configuration
    Answer: b) Support for larger files and security features
    Explanation: NTFS supports larger files, access control, and encryption, unlike FAT32, which is simpler but less secure.

  2. Which file system operation ensures efficient disk space allocation?
    a) File deletion
    b) File allocation
    c) File compression
    d) File encryption
    Answer: b) File allocation
    Explanation: File allocation manages how files are stored on disk, using methods like contiguous or linked allocation.

I/O Management & Disk Allocation and Scheduling Methods

  1. Which disk scheduling algorithm minimizes head movement in disk I/O?
    a) FCFS
    b) SCAN
    c) Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)
    d) C-SCAN
    Answer: c) Shortest Seek Time First (SSTF)
    Explanation: SSTF selects the request closest to the current head position, minimizing head movement.

  2. What is the role of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O management?
    a) Encrypts I/O data
    b) Allows direct data transfer between memory and I/O devices
    c) Schedules CPU tasks
    d) Manages file systems
    Answer: b) Allows direct data transfer between memory and I/O devices
    Explanation: DMA enables I/O devices to transfer data directly to memory, bypassing the CPU for efficiency.

Deadlock

  1. Which condition is NOT necessary for a deadlock to occur?
    a) Mutual exclusion
    b) Hold and wait
    c) Preemption
    d) Circular wait
    Answer: c) Preemption
    Explanation: Deadlock requires mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait. Preemption prevents deadlock by allowing resource reallocation.

  2. Which algorithm is used to avoid deadlocks by simulating resource allocation?
    a) Round Robin
    b) Banker’s Algorithm
    c) Priority Scheduling
    d) FCFS
    Answer: b) Banker’s Algorithm
    Explanation: The Banker’s Algorithm checks for safe states to avoid deadlocks by simulating resource allocation.

Security

  1. Which OS security feature restricts access to resources based on user permissions?
    a) Encryption
    b) Access control
    c) Process scheduling
    d) Virtual memory
    Answer: b) Access control
    Explanation: Access control ensures that only authorized users can access specific resources, enhancing security.

  2. What is the purpose of user authentication in an operating system?
    a) To allocate CPU time
    b) To verify user identity before granting access
    c) To manage disk scheduling
    d) To compress files
    Answer: b) To verify user identity before granting access
    Explanation: User authentication, via passwords or biometrics, ensures only authorized users access the system.

Distributed Systems: Distributed Message Passing, RPC, Client-Server Computing, Clusters

  1. What is the role of Remote Procedure Call (RPC) in distributed systems?
    a) Encrypts network traffic
    b) Allows a program to execute a procedure on a remote machine
    c) Manages local memory allocation
    d) Schedules CPU tasks
    Answer: b) Allows a program to execute a procedure on a remote machine
    Explanation: RPC enables a client to call a procedure on a remote server as if it were local, simplifying distributed computing.

  2. What is a characteristic of a cluster in distributed systems?
    a) Single point of failure
    b) Group of computers working together for high performance
    c) Independent systems with no communication
    d) Limited to single-core processors
    Answer: b) Group of computers working together for high performance
    Explanation: Clusters combine multiple computers to work as a single system, enhancing performance and reliability.

Common Operating Systems: Windows and Linux with Their Typical Features

  1. Which feature is unique to Linux compared to Windows?
    a) Graphical user interface
    b) Open-source code availability
    c) Support for NTFS file system
    d) Task Manager for process monitoring
    Answer: b) Open-source code availability
    Explanation: Linux is open-source, allowing users to view and modify its code, unlike the proprietary Windows OS.

  2. What is a key feature of the Windows operating system?
    a) POSIX compliance
    b) Support for Active Directory
    c) Open-source kernel
    d) Fork system call
    Answer: b) Support for Active Directory
    Explanation: Windows supports Active Directory for centralized network management, a feature not native to Linux.

Additional IT Officer Exam-Style Questions

  1. Which of the following is true about the Process Control Block (PCB)?
    a) It stores user data
    b) It contains process state, program counter, and registers
    c) It manages file allocation
    d) It handles disk scheduling
    Answer: b) It contains process state, program counter, and registers
    Explanation: The PCB stores critical process information like state, program counter, and CPU registers for process management.

  2. What is the purpose of swapping in memory management?
    a) To encrypt memory data
    b) To move processes between main memory and disk
    c) To allocate CPU time
    d) To compress files
    Answer: b) To move processes between main memory and disk
    Explanation: Swapping moves inactive processes to disk to free up RAM for active processes.

  3. Which file system is commonly used by Linux?
    a) FAT32
    b) NTFS
    c) ext4
    d) HFS+
    Answer: c) ext4
    Explanation: ext4 is a widely used file system in Linux, offering high performance and reliability.

  4. What happens in a deadlock recovery process?
    a) Processes are terminated or rolled back to free resources
    b) New resources are allocated
    c) Processes are prioritized
    d) Memory is compressed
    Answer: a) Processes are terminated or rolled back to free resources
    Explanation: Deadlock recovery may involve terminating processes or rolling back to release held resources.

  5. Which Linux command displays running processes similar to Windows Task Manager?
    a) ls
    b) top
    c) pwd
    d) chmod
    Answer: b) top
    Explanation: The top command in Linux displays real-time process information, similar to Windows Task Manager.

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