How A Multi-Layer Neural Network Works?

-


  • The inputs to the network correspond to the attributes measured for each training tuple.
  • Inputs are fed simultaneously into the units making up the input layer.
  • They are then weighted and fed simultaneously to a hidden layer.
  • The number of hidden layers is arbitrary, although usually only one.
  • The weighted outputs of the last hidden layer are input to units making up the output layer, which emits the network's prediction.
  • The network is feed-forward in that none of the weights cycles back to an input unit or to an output unit of a previous layer.
  • From a statistical point of view, networks perform nonlinear regression:
  • Given enough hidden units and enough training samples, they can closely approximate any function.



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Discuss classification or taxonomy of virtualization at different levels.

-
Image
Taxonomy of virtualization Virtualization is mainly used to emulate the execution environment, storage, and networks. The execution environment is classified into two: – Process-level – implemented on top of an existing operating system.  – System-level – implemented directly on hardware and does not or minimum requirement of the existing operating system. OR,  Virtualization covers a wide range of emulation techniques that are applied to different areas of computing. A classification of these techniques helps us better understand their characteristics and use  V irtualization is mainly used to emulate  ● Execution Environments: To provide support for the execution of the programs eg. OS, and Application.  ○ Process Level: Implemented on top of an existing OS that has full control of the hardware  ○ System Level: Implemented directly on Hardware and do not require support from existing OS.  ● Storage: Storage vi...
Read more

Suppose that a data warehouse for Big-University consists of the following four dimensions: student, course, semester, and instructor, and two measures count and avg_grade. When at the lowest conceptual level (e.g., for a given student, course, semester, and instructor combination), the avg_grade measure stores the actual course grade of the student. At higher conceptual levels, avg_grade stores the average grade for the given combination. a) Draw a snowflake schema diagram for the data warehouse. b) Starting with the base cuboid [student, course, semester, instructor], what specific OLAP operations (e.g., roll-up from semester to year) should one perform in order to list the average grade of CS courses for each BigUniversity student. c) If each dimension has five levels (including all), such as “student < major < status < university < all”, how many cuboids will this cube contain (including the base and apex cuboids)?

-
Image
a) A Snowflake Shema is shown in figure below: b) The specific OLAP operations to be performed: 1. Roll-up on course from course_id to department. 2. Roll-up on a student from student_id to university. 3. Dice on course, student with department ="CS" and university = "biguniversity" 4. Drill-down on a student from the university to student_name. c) N = 4 dimensions The cube will contain 54 = 625 cuboids.
Read more

Draw Swing class hierarchy diagram showing containers and components.

-
Image
 What is Swing Swing is a GUI widget toolkit for Java. It is built on top of the AWT API. Also, it is a part of Oracle’s Java Foundation Classes (JFC). Furthermore, Swing provides basic components such as labels, textboxes, buttons, etc. as well as advanced components such as tabbed panes, table, and, trees. Therefore, Swing provides more sophisticated components than AWT. Here, the programmer has to import javax.swing package to write a Swing application. This package provides a number of classes such as JButton, JTable, JList, JTextArea, and, JCheckBox. Swing is platform-independent and its components are lightweight. Furthermore, the components require minimum memory space. Therefore, Swing applications execute much faster. One common design pattern in development is the Model, View, Controller (MVC) pattern. Swing follows this pattern. It helps to maintain the code easily.  
Read more