State and explain different roles of managers.

 Managerial Roles

A manger should perform a number of activities which are varied in nature. For this reason, he/she plays interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. They were developed by Henry Mintzberg in the 1960s.

A. Interpersonal Roles

The interpersonal roles of a manager involve interaction and communicat effectively with people inside and outside the organization to maintan good relationship with them. These people include peers, subordina superiors, suppliers, customers, government officials and commun leaders. All these interactions require an understanding of interperson relations. The interpersonal roles of a manger involve the following,

1. Figurehead roles: Managers are the public face of the management team They represent the organization in legal, economic, and social forum Hence, they act as symbolic figureheads performing social or legal obligations. It includes greeting visitors, signing legal documents, taking important customers to lunch, attending a subordinate's wedding speaking at social forums.

2. Leader roles: As the leader, a manager should lead and coordinate subordinates' activities to attain task-related goals. He/She should motivate them to perform their activities efficiently and effectively He/She must be an example so that subordinates follow his/her directions and guidance with respect and dedication.

3. Liaison roles: Besides communicating with their subordinates, peers and superiors, managers should maintain a network of outside contacts. T is primarily useful to assess the external environment-related to competition, social changes or changes in governmental r regulations and laws. The managers build their own external information system. It can be developed by attending meetings and conferences and making informal personal contacts with outside agencies.

B. Informational Roles

Interpersonal roles (as discussed above) give birth to informational roles. They are related to information collection, processing and dissemination. Under this, he/she plays the following three major roles.

1. Monitor roles: Managers should constantly monitor and scan both the internal and external factors affecting their organization. It involves seeking out information related to the organization and industry regularly. This helps the managers to look for relevant changes in the environment in the forms of opportunity and threat.

2. Disseminator roles: The managers should constantly transmit information regarding changes in organizational policies or other matters to their subordinates, peers and other members in the organization.

3. Spokesperson roles: A manager plays the role of the spokesperson of the organization. He/She disseminates the organization's information into its environment.

C. Decisional Roles

Interpersonal and/or informational roles together give birth to decision roles. Managers make various organizational decisions. The following are the key decisional roles of a manager.

1. Entrepreneur roles: As entrepreneurs, managers are involved in solving problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them. They constantly look for new ways of doing business. 

2. Disturbance handler roles: Managers are constantly involved in handling problems or disturbances within the organization. They should anticipate the disturbances and manage them properly. They may be related to labor disputes, customer complaints, employee grievances, machine breakdowns, cash flow shortages and interpersonal conflicts.

3. Resource allocator roles: The managers should allocate the organizational resources in the best possible manner. They establish priorities among various departments and units. They also make budgetary allocations based on organizational priorities.

 4. Negotiator roles: Managers spend a great deal of their efforts as negotiators, because they only have the information and authority that negotiators require. The negotiations may concern work, performance, objectives, resources, or anything else influencing the unit.