What different types of organizational goals can be formulated in organization? State them.

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 Generally, goals can be classified on the basis of goal setting level in the organization or time horizon of the goal. They are explained in brief as follows:

Types of organizational goals

On the basis of hierarchy

  • Mission goal Strategic goal
  • Tactical goal
  • Operational goal

On the basis of time horizon

  • Long term goal
  • Intermediate-term goal
  • Short term goal

1. Classification on the basis of hierarchy: On the basis of organizational hierarchy i.e., level of management, different goals can be formulated. According to the level of management, different types of goals with different influences and importance can be formulated. Such goals can be as follows:

i. Mission goal: 

  • Mission statement of an organization is the mission goal of the organization This reflects the vision of top management about the organization's business. 
  • Mission refers to what an organization wants to become in the long run. It provides basic facts and reasons for the existence of any organization. It focuses on the image, philosophy, and aspirations of the organization. 
  • The mission goal is formulated by top-level management through the general assembly and Board of Directors.
  •  Following goals are examples of mission goals: A college may formulate a mission statement as to provide quality education thereby installing a sense of responsibility, love, and fraternity in the students

ii. Strategic goal: 
  • A strategic goal is the formal statement of purpose made by top management to attain the mission. Strategy is a broad statement that provides the future direction and scope. 
  • These goals are also set by top-level management with the help of middle and lower-level management. Top management should scan environmental effects to exploit the opportunities before setting strategies. 
  • Following goals can be the best example of strategic goals: A management college may set a statement as the institution aims to be the center of learning for the students who aspire to be globally competitive.
iii Tactical goal: 
  • These goals are set by middle-level managers for departmental purposes. They are also called functional level or divisional level or intermediate goals. 
  • These goals have a shorter time span and are more specific than strategic goals. The focus of such goals is to operationalizė organizational effects to achieve strategic goals. 
  • Followings are some common tactical goals in the organization: The accounting department may formulate goals to reduce accounts receivable and payable within the year.
iv. Operational goals: 
  • These goals are set for lower-level managers. The main objective of setting these goals is to operate day-to-day activities efficiently. 
  • The nature of the operational goal is very short i.e. daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or yearly. 
  • They help and provide guidelines to achieve tactical goals. example:-Marketing department may formulate the goal of launching promotional activities within the week.
Classification on the basis of time horizon,  
On the basis of time horizon, goals can be classified as long-term, intermediate (midterm) and short-term goals.
i. Long-term goals: 
  • The expected outcome of an organization over a long period of time is called a long-term goal. It normally covers over five years of time.
  •  Every organization prepares long-term goals. They provide direction to the organization over a long period of time. They also offer guidelines to set intermediate goals.

ii.  Intermediate goals: 
  • An intermediate goal normally covers the period between one to five years. It is tentative in nature and subject to change. 
  • It mainly focuses on middle and first-line managers. Thus, it is parallel to tactical goals.

iii . Short-term goals:
  • A short-term goal covers a period of less than one year. It is the expected outcome of an organization in short-range normally under one year.
  •  Hence, it is expressed in quantitative terms. It is mainly related to production, finance, marketing, and human resource management.

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