Explain specialization and generalization with example.

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 Specialization

  • Specialization is a process that defines a group of entities that is divided into subgroups based on their characteristic.
  • It is a top-down approach, in which one higher entity can be broken down into two lower-level entities.
  • It maximizes the difference between the members of an entity by identifying the unique characteristic or attributes of each member.
  • It defines one or more subclass for the superclass and also forms the superclass/subclass relationship.
  • For example:

Generalization

  • Generalization is the process of generalizing the entities which contain the properties of all the generalized entities.
  • It is a bottom approach, in which two lower-level entities combine to form a higher-level entity.
  • Generalization is the reverse process of Specialization.
  • It defines a general entity type from a set of the specialized entity type.
  • It minimizes the difference between the entities by identifying the common features.
For example:



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